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A. G. NEW, A; J. MAYNE 8: R. N. LUCAS. AUTOMATIC SWITCH FOR EL'EGTRIGTRANSFORMERS.

No. 548,266. Patented Oat 22, 1895.

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A. G. NEW, A. J. MAYNE 8B R. N. LUCAS. AUTOMATIC SWITCH FOR ELECTRICTRANSFORMERS.

No. 548,266. Patented Oct. 22, 1895.

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A. G. NEW, A. J. MAYNE & R. N. LUCAS. AUTOMATIC SWITCH FOR ELEGTRIOTRANSFORMERS.

No. 548,266. Patented Oct. 22, 1895. 18-

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A. G. NEW, A. J. MAYNB & R. -N. LUCAS. AUTOMATIC SWITCH FOR ELECTRICTRANSFORMERS.

No. 548,266. Patented Oct. 22, 1895.

WITNESSES. -VEORS,

Ml DR-EW EBRAHAM. PHOTD-LITHQWASHINGI'OM D.C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANTHONY GEORGE NEW, OF LONDON, AND ARTHUR JAMES MAYNE, OF WVOKING,ENGLAND, AND RICHARD NORMAN LUCAS, OF GALW'AY,

IRELAND.

AUTOMATIC SWITCH FOR ELECTRIC TRANSFORMERS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 548,266, dated October22, 1895.

Application filed June 25, 1894. Serial No. 515,703. (No model.)Patented in England June 1,1892, No. 10,451; in France March 13. 1893,No. 223,582, and in Germany 1pril19,1893,N3.'7L,4l.1.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ANTHONY GEORGE NEW, residing at London, and ARTHURJAMES MAYNE, residing at Woking, in the county of Surrey, England, andRICHARD NORMAN LUCAS, residing at Galway, in the county of Galway,Ireland, subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improved Automatic Switch forElectric-Current Transformers, (in part patented to us in Great Britain,dated June 1, 1892, No. 10,451; in France, dated March 13, 1893, No.228,582, and in Germany under date of April 19, 1893, No. 74,411,) ofwhich the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to animproved automatic switch forelectric-current transformers, the object of the invention being toprovide means for causing the primary or hightension circuitinalternating-current transformers to be cut out automatically when thesecondary or low-tension circuit is broken and to cause it to becomeconnected again with the high-tension mains, also automatically, whenthe secondary circuit is closed, say, by switching on a lamp, and inthis way to avoid the leakage or loss of electrical energy which underexisting circumstances re sults from leaving the primary coil of thetransformer permanently in circuit when no current is being used on thelow-tension circuit. Ne attain this object by means of an apparatus orarrangement of parts whereby whenever the secondary circuit is made theprimary coil of the transformer is switched on, and whenever thesecondary circuit is broken the primary coil is switched off or put outof connection with the mains. The secondary current or a part of thesecondary current is caused to store up during the time it is flowing acertain amount of its energy, or, in other words, to convert a certainportion of its actual energy into potential energy. Part of the energythus stored up we make use of (at the moment when it is desired to closethe secondary circuit-e. g., by turning on a lamp) to actuate amechanism for establishing connection between the primary coil of thetransformer and the mains, and we make use of another portion of thestored-up energy to actuate a similar mechanism for cutting out theprimary coil when the secondary circuit is broken-e. g., by turning outthe last light.

Such an apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-Figure 1 is an elevation of same, the figure being divided and placed ontwo sheets in order that it may be represented on a sufficiently-largescale. Fig. 2 is a section on line A B, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section online C D, Fig. 1. Fig. 4. is a section 011 line E F, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is asection on line G H, Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a section on line I J, Fig. 1;and Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of apost, shown in Fig. 6.

The apparatus consists of a supportingplate 1, of slate or otherinsulating material, between brackets 2, secured to which are held twosolenoids 3 4:, wound with insulated wire arranged in a tapered form andin connection with each other at their upper ends. These solenoids havefor their interior linings split brass tubes 5, running their entirelength, and inside each is a core which is able to move freely therein.The core in the solenoid 3 consists of a number of straight iron wires6, contained in a case 7, the mass of wire being tapered or arranged asshown in Fig. 4, where the center wires are longer than the outsidewires, the lower portion 8 of the core being of brass or other suitablematerial and having an annular groove around its end and a plate 9secured thereto, or such plate may be formed out of the metal of thepart 8. The core has a cord or chain 10 attached to it, which passesover pulleys 11 11 in a bracket 12, such cord. passing to the core inthe solenoid 4. This core consists of a case 7, containing wires 6 and ametal block 8*, but reversely arranged to the core in the solenoid 3. Inthe top of the case 7 is inserted a loosely-fitting cap 13, throughwhich the cord 10 passes, and in such cap is a spring 14, while throughthe spring and core passes a rod 15, attached at the bottom to a spring16, connected to one end of a switch-lever 17, which is shown in its onposition, its off position being that shown in dotted lines.

The cord 10, before being secured to the core of the solenoid 4, passesthrough an opening in an arm 18, pivoted at 19 to a plate 19, having abinding-screw, said arm carrying plates 20 20 of insulating material toprevent the arm making electrical contact with the brackets 2 or 12.This arm 18 carries a socket 18, in which is held by a set-screw acarbon rod 21, adapted to make contact with a similar rod 22, held in asocket 22 bya set-screw. This socket, as shown in Fig. 3, is secured toa plate of insulating material 22 which is screwed to the lower bracket2 and carries a binding-screw 23, to which one end of the coil of thesolenoid 3 is secured.

It will be seen that the effect of the rising of the core of thesolenoid 4 will be to bring the cap 13 into contact with the bar 18, andso to raise it, separating the carbon bars 21 22 when they are incontact. The spring 14 allows the cap 13 to exert a yielding pressure onthe bar, so that a shock or blow is avoided.

For the purpose of minimizing the sparking which would otherwise takeplace between the carbon points 21 and 22 we may connect acondenser 21up to the two sockets 18 and 21, as shown in Fig. 1; but it is notessential to the operation of our invention.

The switch-lever 17 is pivoted on a bolt 24 between two metal disks orwashers 25, (see Fig. 5,) the inside washer abutting against a block 26surrounding the bolt, on the reduced neck of which is secured an annulargrooved ring 27, of vulcanized fiber or other insulating ma'erial.

One end of the lever has a weight28 formed thereon, (oraspring may beemployed in place of the weight,) and to this the spring 16 is attached,and beneath the point of attachment of this is a plate of insulatingmaterial 29, beneath same being a metal plate 30, having a beveled orrounded end. Through the plate passes a rod 31, the head of which isheld in a recess (see Fig.3) formed partly in the plate 29 and partly inthe plate 30, and surrounding the rod and partly held in recesses in theplate 30 and in a metal plug 32, loosely carried by the rod, is a spring33, the arrangement enabling the plug to be pressed toward the plate 30and to adjust itself in its seat. This seat consists of two metal plates34 35, separated as shown in Fig. 3, and secured to a slate orinsulatingblock 36, carried by a bracket 37. The front block 34 has abinding screw 38, which serves to secure in ahole in the block a wire39, passing to the secondary orlow tension coil of the transformer andout to the house-circuit, on which are the lamps. The rear block 35 isconnected by a wire with a binding-screw 41 of a block 42, a secondbinding-screw 43 of which forms one terminal of a circuit of a primarybattery 44, the other pole being connected to a bindingscrew 45 of ablock 46, a second binding-screw 47, which has a flexible insulated wire48 attached to it, said wire passing to a stud 49, carried by the lever17, the stud 49 being insulated from the lever by a bushing 49 ofinsulating material. This stud passes through the lever and projects onthe inside of same, and is adapted to engage with a light flat metalcontact-spring 50, secured to the vulcanized fiber ring 27 by a screw,as shown in Fig. 5, the other end of the spring being bent, as shown bydotted lines, Fig. 1, to make contact with the stud 49 when the lever isin the position shown in that figure. 28 is a small spring-cushionedstop for the weight 28 to strike upon when it rises. The long end of thelever is arranged to operate a main switch, which may be of any approvedconstruction, but the shutter-switch shown is the one we prefer toemploy. This switch is connected to the arm 17 by means of aconnecting-piece 51 of vulcanized fiber or insulating material. Theswitch itself consists of a block 52 of insulating material, to whichthe connectingpiece 51 is pivoted, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. To thispiece 52 are secured strips 53 53 of insulating material, said stripsbeing secured to a block 54 of insulating material at their upper endsto space them apart. To the frame thus formed are secured plates ofinsulating material 55 55, the plates being stiffened by blocks 53placed between them and cemented or secured thereto. All these parts areadapted to move up and down in a groove formed by the opening leftbetween four plates 56 of insulating material, ear-pieces 57 57, formingpart of the block 54, running between the plates 56 and serving to keepthe sliding frame in position. The plates 56 are spaced apart byinsulating-rings 58, Figs. 6 and 7, the plates and rings being carriedby posts 59 of insulating material, which are secured to thesupporting-plate 1. A washer 58 ,held by a screw, holds the outer of theplates 56 in position. Between the plates 56 are secured the terminals60 of the high-tension mains 61 and primary coil of the transformer.These terminals connect with metal strips 62, to which are pivoted metalarms 62 62, the arm 62 being solid and the arm 62 of channel shape, sothat the two when in contact are adapted to slightly interlock.

In the position shown the plates 55 and 55 of the sliding frame keep thearms 62 62 apart; but upon the frame being moved up by the lever 17 andconnecting-piece 51 the arms will comeinto contact through the openingleft between the frame formed of the strips 53 53, the block 52 pushingthem up, as it moves with the frame into engagement with each other. Thearms 62 62" are prevented from falling down into a vertical position bythe insulating rings 58 of two of the posts 59, as shown by dotted linesin Figs. 1 and 5.

To a plate 63, supported between the brackets 2 2, are securedelectromagnets 63 63, and

ICO

in front of these is an armature 64, carrying a cross-bar, which ispivoted in the concave ends of screws 65, held in a bracket66. At thelower end of this armature is a spring 67, attached to it by aregulating-screw 68, the other end of the spring being attached to abracket 69, carried by the casing of a clockwork-train. The extreme endof the armature has a brake-shoe 71, which engages with a rubber ring 72around a balan ce-wheel 72, against which the shoe is normally held bythe spring 67, such wheel being driven through its pinion 73 by atoothed wheel 74, which is in turn driven through its pinion 75 by atoothed wheel 76, carried loosely on a spindle 76. One face of thiswheel carries near the edge a spring-controlled pawl 77, which bears onthe teeth of a ratchetdisk 77, the arrangement enabling the ratchet-diskto be turned in one direction without moving the train of wheels. Thespindle 76 has affixed upon it a bell-crank arm 78, on which is anadjustable weight 79, and about midway on said arm is attached a rod 80,carried in guides 81 and adapted to be struck by the arm 17 when itmoves into its up position. The other end of the cranked lever 78 hasadjustably attached to it a rod 82, the rod having a slotted head 83 atone end, which engages with a screw 84, affixed in a hole in the shortend of the arm 78, there being several of these holes for the purpose ofadjusting the parts. The object of the slot is to enable the rod 82 tomove backward without operating the lever 78. At the other end of thislever is a catch 83, pivoted in a drop-bracket 84?, a spring 85 keepingthe catch normally pressed forward, so that it may engage with thegroove around the core of the solenoid 3, a small stop limiting itsforward movement. In order to clear the bracket 8-1, a portion isremoved from the weight 28 of the lever 17.

One of the wires 86 from the coils of the electromagnets 63 passes tothe spring 50 on the ring 27 and the other wire 87 passes to abinding-screw 88 on a block 89, in which is also a binding-screw 90,connected to a wire, in which is inserted a fuse 91 of some ordinaryform, said wire being connected to the low-tension or secondary circuit.Another wire 92 passes from the binding-screw 88 to a binding-screw onthe plate 19, which is in electrical connection with the arm 18.

Supported on the lower bracket 2 are a pair of electromagnets 93 93,composed of a few turns of wire only, (or a solenoid might be employed,)the armature 91 of which is pivoted on screws 95 to an upright 96. Theother end of the armature has a rod 97 hung to it, such rod having atooth 98, which engages with an escapement-wheel 99 of a train ofclockwork contained in a case 100. The rod 97 is normally kept out ofengagement with the wheel by means of a light spring 101, at= tached toan adjusting-screw 102, carried by a bracket 103. A wire 101, formingone end of the coil of one of the magnets, passes up to a binding-screwin a block 106, said block carrying a second binding-screw 107, which isin connection with the lamp or low-tension circuit. A wire 108 from theother end of the magnet-coil passes to the rear block 35, a second wire109 also coming down with it from the coil of the solenoid 4: to theblock 35.

The escapement-wheel 99 is driven through its pinion 110 by a wheel 111,which in turn is driven through its pinion 112 by a wheel 113. Thislatter is carried on the hub of aratchet- Wheel 113 carried in turn by aspindle 113, the ratchet being loose on same, and said spindle alsocarries a disk 114:. On the inner face of this disk is aspring-controlled pawl 114 which acts on the teeth of the ratchet 113the arrangement permitting the disk 114 to turn the ratchet 113 andwheel 113 in one direction only.

The spindle has a bell-crank arm 115 affixed to it, the long end of thearm carrying an adjustable weight 116, the short end being provided witha number of holes for the reception of a screw 117, with which screwengages the slotted head of an arm 118, the other end of which isattached to a catch-arm 119, pivoted to a bracket 120, carried by theinsulating-block 36 and having an adjusting-screw 121. The slot in thehead of the arm 118 enables it to be pushed back without moving theshort end of the crank-arm, and a spring 119 serves to keep the arm 119in its operative position. It will be seen that the long end of thebell-crank arm 115 is adapted to be raised by the end of the pivotedlever 17, which for this purpose carries an antifrictionroller 122.

The operation is as follows: The apparatus is shown in its offposition-that is to say, the transformer is cut out, and no current ofcourse is passing through the low-tension or house circuit. By turningon the first light a current is caused to flow from the primary battery44 (or a condenser may be employed in place of the battery) through wire48, stud 19 on lever 17, spring 50, wire 86, electromagnets 63, wire 87to binding-screw 88, from binding-screw 90 through fuse 91, throughlamps back to binding-screw 107, from binding-screw 105 by Wire 10tthrough electromagnets 93 without attracting the armature 94, as thecurrent is too weak, by wire 108 to block 35, from latter by wire 40 tobindingscrew 41, and from binding-screw 13 back to the primary battery.The passage of the current through the magnets 63 causes the armature 64to be attracted, thus withdrawing the brake 71 from the balance-wheel 72and liberating the clockwork train, so that the weighted bell-crank arm78 is enabled to fall, causing rod 82 to withdraw the catch 83 from thegroove in the portion 8 of the core of the solenoid 3, the rod 80falling at the same time. The core 8 being released, the lever17 then ofits own weight falls, and in so doing, by means of the spring 16, drawsdown the core of the solenoid 4, which through the cord 10 is connectedto the core of the solenoid 3, this operation allowing the arm 18 tofall, making contact between the carbon bars 21 22, the end of the lever17 also passing under and being held by the catch 119, which is pushedback against its spring 119 without moving the bell-crank arm 115. Thefalling of the plug 32 into its seat in the blocks 34: 35 completes acircuit between these two, which circuit passes through theelectromagnets 93, as will be seen hereinafter, and causes the latter todraw down its armature, so that the arm 115 is prevented from fallingwith the lever 17. The movement of the lever 17 further breaksconnection between stud 49 and spring 50, thus breaking theprimary-battery circuit, and by raising the rod 80 resets the weightedarm 78 of the clockwork in the case by raising said arm and by the samemovement of the bell-crank arm 78 replaces the catch 83 through the rod82 with the assistance of spring 85. As the primary-battery circuit isnow broken, the spring 67 causes the brake 71 to hold the balance-wheel72. The movement of the lever farther through the connectingpiece 51raises the sliding plates 55 55 of the switch and causes the block 52 tobring the arms 62 62 into contact,thus completing the high tensioncircuit through that switch. Both high-tension and secondary circuitsare now made, the latter through the electromagnets 93, which thus holddown the armature 94, so that the tooth 98 of the rod 97 is inengagement with the escapement-wheel 99, and the arm 115 remains in itsraised position. Another circuit in parallel with the house or secondarycircuit is also made as follows: from block 35, by wire 109, throughsolenoid 1 and solenoid 3, to binding-screw 23, carbon bars 22 and 21,(which have been brought into contact as described,) by wire 92, throughfuse 91, to other pole of secondary, This circuit causes the solenoids 4and 3 to move their cores back to their original positions, thus storingup energy by stretching the spring 16, as the lever 17 is still held bythe catch 119, so that the lever will be lifted as soon as the catch isreleased, while the rising of the core in the solenoid 4 also raises thearm 18 and breaks the circuit between 21 and 22. The apparatus is nowset to cut out the transformer as soon as the house-lights are turnedoff, and when the last one of these is put out, the secondary circuitbeing broken, the electromagnet 93 ceases to act on its armature, sothat the spring 101 raises same and removes the tooth 98 from theescapement-wheel 99, the result of which is that the clockwork-train isoperated by the weighted bell-crank arm 115, which falls and withdrawsthe rod 118 and catch 119, which releases the lever 17 and allows it tobe drawn up smartly by the spring, thus breaking the circuit betweenblocks 34 and 35 and resetting all the parts which are not already soset, this including the raising of the bellcrank lever 115, which itmeets in the act of falling after having withdrawn the catch 119 andimmediately carries it back to its original position, which is thatshown in Fig. 1.

We have described the above form of our apparatus as being actuated byand storing up energy from a secondary circuit only; but we may withoutaltering the nature of our invention, though with less practicaladvantage, store up the said energy by means of the same appliances fromthe primary circuit of the transformer or from the high-tension mains(through a resistance choking coil or condenser) or from a separatebattery, which may thus also replace the primary battery for performingthe operations above assigned thereto, provided that the other actionsof liberating the stored-up energy actuating the switch take place asdescribed above.

We may also employ our apparatus for making and breaking aresistance-switch i11- stead of a simple make-and-break switchthat is tosay, we arrange the main switch so that in its descent it establishesconnection between the primary circuit of the transformer and the mains,first, through a high resistance, (induction or other,) then through alesser or a number of lesser resistances, and finally effects full andcomplete connection, while the reverse order of events takes place onbreaking the secondary circuit.

Our invention may also be carried into effect by connecting the primarybattery or other source of electric current employed to switchesadjacent to or forming part of the lamp-switches instead of employing itas described above. One of these switches must then be turned on beforeturning on a light, when the current from the cell actuates the freeingappliance which throws in the main switch, while when the last light isturned out another switch or push is used to cause the primarybattery-current to flow through the appliance which liberates the switchand causes it to break circuit.

We are aware that switches are in existence for severing the connectionbetween the primary coil of transformers and the mains when the lightsin the secondary circuit are turned out without, however,re-establishing that connection when the secondary circuit is againclosed, (71. e., a light turned on,) and likewise that there existarrangements by which the current from a small transformer (leftpermanently in circuit) is employed when the load upon it rises to acertain point to switch in a larger transformer; but our inventiondiffers from these both by reason of its greater utility, since it actsto switch in the transformer when even a single light is turned on, andalso its greater economy, as

when the lights are turned off it severs connection with the mainscompletely and avoids the loss due to leavinga small transformer incircuit.

\Vhat we claim is 1. In an automatic switch for electric currenttransformers, and in combination a switch for severing the connectionbetween the primary coil of the transformer and the main, when thesecondary or low tension circuit is broken, and for re-establishing theconnection when the secondary circuit is again closed, and an externalsource of energy such as a primary battery and electro-magnetic meansoperated by said primary battery for releasing energy stored up from thesupply mains, and which energy actuates the switch, substantially asdescribed.

2. In an automatic switch for electric current transformers, and incombination a switch interposed between the primary coil of thetransformer and the main, a solenoid and a relay mechanism in thesecondary circuit, a spring connected to the core of the solenoid andthe switch, and an external source of energy such as a primary battery,the current from the latter when a lamp is switched on in the secondarycircuit energizing the relay-mechanism and completinga second circuit,means operated by said second circuit releasing the switch to makeconnection between the primary coil of the transformer and the main,while at the same moment tension is put upon the spring by the action ofthe solenoid which for a short interval forms part of the secondarycircuit, and means for holding and releasing the switch so that upon thebreaking of the secondary circuit by the extinction of the lamps, saidswitch is liberated and breaks the connection between the primary coilofthe transformer and the main, substantially as described.

3. In an automatic switch for electric current transformers, thecombination with a weighted or spring controlled lever operating a mainswitch in the high tension circuit, of solenoids in the secondarycircuit, a spring connected to the core of one of the solenoids, saidspring operating to store up energy for imparting movement to the lever,means for holding the lever in one position, consisting of a catchengaging the core of one ofthe solenoids, a primary battery circuit, anelectro magnet in same, and means controlled by the latter for operatingthe catch, a further electro magnet or a solenoid in the secondarycircuit, and means controlled by the magnet for holding and releasingthe lever when in another position, substantially as described.

4:. An automatic switch for electric current transformers, comprising aweighted or spring controlled lever, operating a main switch in the hightension circuit, solenoids in the secondary circuit, a primary batterycircuit, an electro magnet in same, a weighted arm controlled by themagnet, a catch controlled by the arm, engaging the core of one of thesolenoids, a further electro magnet or solenoid in the secondarycircuit, a weighted arm controlled by same, a catch operated by the armadapted to hold the end of the lever, a contact arm adapted to be raisedby the core of one of the solenoids to break the solenoid circuit, acontact making plug carried by the lever, and blocks adapted to beelectrically connected by said plug, and a contact operated by the leverfor making and breaking the primary battery circuit, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination with the weighted or spring controlled leveroperating the main switch, of a pair of solenoids,a core in one of same,adapted to engage with a catch, means for withdrawing the catch, aconnection between the cores of both solenoids, a spring carried by thesecond core, said spring being attached to one end of the pivoted lever,acontact arm operated by the second core, and means for holding thelever against the action of the spring, and releasing same,substantially as described.

6. In combination the weighted or spring controlled lever operating themain switch, a pair of solenoids operating to store up energy forimparting movement to the lever, a primary circuit, an electro magnet insame, a spring controlled armature, a weighted lever controlled by atrain of clockwork, governed in turn by the armature, a catch operatedby said lever, engaging the cores of one of the solenoids, a rod carriedby the weighted arm for resetting same, a second electro magnet, a trainof clockwork controlled by same, a Weighted arm controlled by theclockwork, and a catch operated by said arm to engage the main switchlever, substantially as described.

7. In combination the weighted or spring controlled lever, a framesecured thereto carrying a block and plates of insulating material,plates 56 of insulating material, between which the frame and blockslide, and contact arms 62 62", adapted to be separated by the frame,and forced into contact by the block, substantially as described.

8. In combination a base plate, solenoids 3, 4, a pivoted weightedlever, a contact device operated by same, a main switch connected to oneend of the lever, an electro magnet, a spring controlled armature forsame, a clockwork train controlled by the latter, a weighted cranked armadapted to be released by the clockwork train, acatch operated by saidarm, means for resetting the arm,a core in the solenoid 3 adapted to beheld by the catch, a core in the solenoid 4, a spring attached to same,and to the end of the pivoted lever, a

ICC

cord connecting the two cores, pulleys over which the cord passes, anarm adapted to be lifted by the core of solenoid 4:, carbon'rods adaptedto be put in and out of contact by said arm, a plug carried by thelever, contact blocks adapted to be connected by the plug, a springcatch for holding the end of the lever, a weighted cranked arm connectedto the catch adapted to be raised by the end of the lever, a clockworktrain controlling the arm, an electro magnet, and an armature normallyheld up by a spring, and adapted to control the clockwork, substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereof We have hereunto set our hands in the presence oftwo subscribing Witnesses.

WVitnesses to signatures of Anthony George New and Arthur James Mayne:

ALLEN PARRY J ONES, JAMES BOLES. Witnesses to signature of RichardNorman Lucas:

THOMAS B. LAWLoR, M. CLAYTON.

